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Clinical Medicine
Endocrinology
AKT High-Yield Breakdown
Endocrinology is one of the highest-scoring AKT domains if you know the numbers, thresholds, and treatment logic. The exam is not testing deep physiology — it is testing whether you can apply NICE guidance safely and systematically in primary care.
What You'll Learn
Master diabetes diagnosis thresholds, drug escalation pathways, GLP-1 continuation rules, hypoglycaemia definitions, thyroid disease patterns, osteoporosis T-scores, and the prescribing traps that catch candidates out.
1. Diabetes Mellitus — Diagnosis (Know These Exactly)
Diabetes is diagnosed if one abnormal result with symptoms, or two abnormal results if asymptomatic:
- HbA1c ≥48 mmol/mol (6.5%)
- Fasting plasma glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L
- Random plasma glucose ≥11.1 mmol/L
- 2-hour OGTT ≥11.1 mmol/L
Do NOT use HbA1c for diagnosis if:
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